Code communication system



Feb. 11,Y 1958 A. R. zlPF CODE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 4 sheets-(sheet 1 Filed May 7. 1956 i :Pr 4

Feb. 11, 1958 A. R. zlPF 2,823,261

CODE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed May '7, 1956 4 Shee'bS-Sheeb 2 Fe'bl-l', 1958' A. R. zlPF 2,823,261

CODE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed May 7, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 W50 g U50 +55 205 z 1:

AA. vvvvv www' ' INVENTOR. ,4Z/525D Z/DF `BY f,

Feb. 1l, 1958 A. R. ZIPF com: COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 4 Sheets-Shea?.` 4

Filed May 7, 1956 QWN United States CODE COMlVIUNICAToN SYSTEM Alfred R. Zipf, San Carlos, Calif., assignor to Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association, San Francisco, Calif., a national banking association Application May 7, 1956, Serial No. 583,145

6 Claims. (Cl. 179-3) This invention relates to code-transmission systems and, more particularly, to an improved system for transmitting code signals over telephone facilities.

In the conduct of present-day business of the type having a number of branches which are widely separated, it oftentimes becomes necessary to transmit between these branches masses of information or data. If this is a continual need, then usually telegraph or telephone lines are leased, known as private lines, whereby direct connection for the purpose of transmitting such data between the branches of the business is made possible. Teletype and/or facsimile transmission is often used with these systems. A need exists for a reliable and inexpensive system providing a mass transmission of data accurately, rapidly, and economically, for those businesses where the occurrence of such needs does not arise suciently frequently to warrant the expense of permanently leasing a direct wire. Oftentimes the mass transmission of data rapidly and accurately becomes necessary between two distant localities where the sole available communication facilities therebetween is a toll-telephone line. An arrangement for employing a telephone sys-tem as the transmission medium for code signals in the form of tone signals is described and shown in the patents to DHumy et al., Nos. 2,186,899 and 2,186,895. The present invention broadly also contemplates the transmission of data over the telephone in the form of tone signals. However, the present invention is an improvement over those described.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved data-transmission system employing telephone facilities as the carrier for the data being transmitted.

It is a further `object of the present invention to provide an improved data-transmission system employing telephone facilities as the transmissionv medium, which affords rapid and accurate data transmission.

-It is still another object of the present invention to provide a novel, improved, and relatively inexpensive code transmitter and receiver suitable for employing with the commonly known telephone communication facilities.

These and other objects of the invention are achieved in a system wherein the transmitter generates a sequence of tone signals corresponding to a start signal for each character of data, the code representative of the character of data which is to be transmitted, and a parity signal. These tone signals are -applied to the regular telephone line via the regular telephone transmitter. The code receiver generates a monitor tone which is sent back to the transmitter.- As long as this monitor tone is received, the transmitter will transmit the data in the form of the coded tone signals. Any interruption in the tone or variations thereof causes the transmitter to cease transmission. The receiver does not commence to operate until it receives the start signal. It then cuts oif the monitor tone signal until it has had an opportunity to store the code character .and check the parity. After the code 2,823,251. Patented Feb. 11, i958 ice character has been stored and if the parity check is in order, the monitor tone is transmitted to the transmitter again requesting it to transmit the next data character.

More specifically, the recorded data for the transmitter is in the form of punched paper tape. This punched paper tape has a tive-hole code, as well as timing holes. Each data character or number is thus recorded as the presence or absence of holes in ve adjacent places corresponding to a tive-binary-digit character. The transmitter generates tone signals of 2000 cycles for the presence of a hole in the paper tape and 1400 cycles in the absence of a hole in the paper tape. A start signal derived from the timing hole is first sent out .and then it is followed by a sequence of tone signals representing the ve-binary-digit code. The transmitter also generates a sixth binary digit, which is representative of the parity digit. The receiver generates and sends a 600-cycle monitor tone to the receiver each time the next character of data is desired.

The code receiver includes apparatus for detecting the tone signals from the regular telephone receiver. The receiver checks each transmission for proper parity to determine if the code character received is correct. If it is not, the 60C-cycle monitor signal is prevented from being transmitted, therebystopping further transmitter operation. lf parity is correct, the receiver enables the perforation of a paper tape with the code being received. Thus, a two-way check of the facility carrying the code signals is provided.

The novel features that are considered characteristic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, both as to its organization and method of operation, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof, will bes-t be understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of a code transmitter which is employed in the embodiment of this invention;

Figure 2 is a block diagram of the receiver which is employed in the embodiment of this invention;

Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a iiip-op circuit suitable for use in the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a pulse generator circuit suitable for use in the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of an And gate suitable for use in lthe embodiment of the invention;

Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of an Or gate suitable for use in the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a gate employed in the embodiment of the invention which is suitable for transmitting or preventing transmission of tone signals;

Figure 8 is a block diagram of a detector for the monitor tone received at the transmitter employed in the embodiment of the invention; and

:Figure 9 is a schematic and block diagram of a circuit for detecting tone signals at the receiver and converting them to representative pulses.

As previously described, the present embodiment of the invention is one in which data characters in the form of tone signals derived from information in the form of ve-binary-digit characters punched on paper tape are transmitted over the facilities provided by the telephone system. The preparation of such punched paper tape to represent the data desired to be transmitted is well known, and apparatus for this purpose may be purchased commercially. Therefore, no further description of this process is deemed necessary here. Also well known and circuit wherever a hole is not present. The paper tape, in addition to having aligned perforations representing a five-binary-digit character also has a sixth hole aligned with every character whichV is used for timing purposes. This siXth hole lprovides the start signal in the embodiment of the present invention to be described.

The embodiment of the invention to be described is employed with the usual telephone, namely, a telephone receiver and transmitter at both the transmitting and receiving stations. A microphone (not shown) is applied to the telephone receiver at both sending and -receiving stations to convert acoustic tone signals to electrical signals. A small loudspeaker (not shown) is applied to the telephone transmitters to convert electrical tone signals to acoustic tone signals.

Reference is .n'ow made to Figure .1, which shows a block diagram of the transmitter employed in the embodiment of the invention. There is required a papertape reader 10, which generates electrical signals corresponding to the presence or absence of holes in th paper tape representative vof the live-hole code being employed plus another signal representative of the timing hole. This other signal is kknown hereafter as the starting signal.

lIn order to start the transmitter, the start button 12 is pressed, which thus Isets a flip-flop circuit 14. The start button, however, cannot set the flip-flop if a monitoring signal, which here consists of a 600-cycle tone, is not being received from the telephone receiver by the monitor signal detector 15. Thus, before the transmitter can Isend data, it is required that the receiver be energized and indicate that it is ready to receive by sending a GOO-cycle monitoring tone through the telephone lines. This .signal is detected by a suitable transducer, as noted above, consisting of an ordinary .microphone which is coupled to the usual telephone receiver. The output of the microphone is applied to the -monitorsignal detector. This detector will be described in more detail in Figure 8 and .merely comprises a tuned circuit for detecting the 60G-cycle tone. The absence of this 60G-cycle tone enables the monitor-signal detector to provide an output signal which prevents the flip-dop 14 from being set, or, if it is in its set condition, it resets this ip-op so that further transmission is cut oft. A stop button 16 is also provided so that if it is desired at any time to stop the transmission of signals, this may be accomplished by depressing the stop button, whereby the ilip-op 14 is reset again.

The output of the paper .tape reader, which is equivalent to the presence or absence of holes in the data portion of the paper tape, Ais applied to ve associated ilipop circuits, respectively designated as 21 through 25. The presence of a hole causes the flip-Hop .to be set; the absence of a hole does not .aiect the ilip-op which is normally in its reset condition. Thus, it may be 'seen that the flip-flops 21 through .25 are set or reset in a manner representative of the tive-hole code which .has just been read on the paper tape.

The timing hole provides a 4signal which is effectively passed down an electronic distributor, generating a sequence of equally spaced pulses. The electronic distributor includes eight tubes, respectively numbered 3i) through 37, which are coupled sequentially to one another via coupling condensers and resistors. The outputs of seven of these tubes 15 through 36 are applied to associated gate-pulse generators 40 through 46. In response thereto these gate-pulse generators each provides an output pulse.

Five of the gate-pulse .generators l41 through` 45 may be said to be associated Awith the code yportionof the signals to be transmitted. Gate-pulse generators 41 through 45 `apply their outputs to And gates 5-1 through 55. As a -second required input to 'these And gates, there `is lapplied the output from dip-flops 21 through 25. Therefore, if the 'paper "tape reader 10 hasV detected 2a hole' whereby the flip-flop associated with that hole is set,

at a proper time in the sequence generated by the electronic distributor in response to the timing pulse, an output will be derived from the associated one of the And gates 51 through 55. Thus, the code character pulses are sequenced. Of course, if a ip-op is not set, denoting the absence of the hole, no output is derived from the associated And gate at its turn in the sequence. The outputs from all the And gates 51 through 55 are applied to two Or gates 61, 62. Or gate 61 may be called the parity Or gate and Or gate 62 may be called the code Or gate.

At this time, it should be pointed out that by the term And gate is meant a buffer gate or coincidence circuit. This is the type of circuit which requires the simultaneous presence of all its inputs before an output may be obtained. A suitable circuit for an And gate is subsequently shown herein in Figure 5. By the terminology Or gate is meant a buffer circuit or the type of circuit which has a plurality of inputs and will provide an output whenever any one of the inputs is present. A suitable circuit for the Or gate is shown in Figure 6 subsequently herein also.

The output of the parity Or gate is applied to set or reset a parity flip-flop 29. The parity hip-flop serves to provide a parity One or Zero digit as required. Parity means equality, and by the` use of parity as a code check is meant that the number of binary Ones in the code characters will always equal an odd number if an odd parity is desired or `an even number if an even parity is desired. Thus, for the tive-binary-digit code employed here, a special parity digit position is employed, wherein a One or a Zero may be placed, in order to make the sum of the binary numbers in the entire six positions come 'to the odd or even ligure which is predetermined.

In the present application, an even parity check is desired. Thus, if there are an odd number of Ones in the tive positions of the code, then a One will be provided in the sixth, or parity, position. To determine whether or not the parity One is necessary, the output of the Or gate 61 is applied to the parity iiip-op 29. Since the Or gate output consists of a succession -of the pulses corresponding to the number of Onesy or holes present in the code of the character being transmitted, the flip-flop 29 will be restored to its initial or reset condition if `the number of Ones are even and will not be restored to its initial or reset condition if the number of Ones are odd.

If the number of Ones are odd, then this is sensed by an And gate 59, which has las its second required input the output from the flast gate-pulse generator 46. The output of And gate 59 4is applied to a succeeding Or gate 63. Flip-flop 29 is reset to its initial or starting lposition by the output of the tube 37, which, as previously described, is at the end of-the electronic distributor, and thus provides the setting pulse lat a time subsequent to the sampling of the condition of the hip-flop 29. The saine pulse which is applied Vto And gate 59 is also applied to reset the Hip-flops 21 through 25.

The timing pulseoutput of thegate-pulse generator 40, as well as the successive outputs of the And gates 51 through 55, are all applied to an Or gate 62. Thus, the output of Or gate 62 in sequence is iirst, the timing pulse and then Vthe presence or absence of ve pulses representative of thecode being transmitted. This output is applied through a cathode follower 64 to :the Or gate 63. The outputofOr gate 63 will be the pulses just recited followed by a parity pulse, if required. The output of Or gate 63 is applied through a cathode follower 65 to a gate 76,' which has applied `thereto V1400 cycles Jof oscillation fromk a MOO-cycle oscillation Agenerator 72. The output of cathode follower `65 is also applied through an inverter 74 to a gate 76, which is also being supplied with V2000 'cycles from a 200G-cycle oscillation generator'78`. "The'g'ates may beltermed' normally open and are closed by the application of a proper signal. The

output of the gates 70, 76 is applied to a` loudspeakerv (not shown) to the transmitter of a telephone. The cir-v cuit details of these gates 70 and 76 are shown inv Figure 7 and described subsequently. Because of the use of the lnverter 74, the signals applied to the respective gates will be in opposite phase, and thus when a pulse occurs representative of a binary One, gate 74 is closed and a 2000-cyc1e tone is transmitted, and when a pulse occurs representative of a binary Zero gate 76 is closed and a 1400-cycle tone is transmitted. The timing pulse and the parity One pulse both will be transmitted in the same fashion as a binary One. The circuit components of the gate-pulse generator for forming the timing pulse are made such that this pulse is shorter than any of the other pulses being transmitted. The receiver can thus distinguish between the short timing pulse and the longer code-character pulses.

In summary therefore, the reading means at the receiver is enabled by a monitor tone signal to generate a timing-pulse signal and binary-digit pulse signals representative of the data character read. These are sequenced and a parity digit is also generated. A pair of gates, to

which a pair of tone signals are continuously applied,

are closed selectively in response to the successive pulse signals. Thereby, tone bursts representative of a start pulse, a five-binary-digit character, and a parity digit are transmitted over the telephone lines.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of a receiver Which is employed in the embodiment of the invention. The succession of tone bursts are converted into electrical signals by a microphone adjacent the telephone receiver. The microphone (phone receiver) output is applied to a signal tone detector 80 which provides, as its output, positive and negative pulses indicative of the presence of Ones and Zeros in the received signals. These are applied to an And gate 82. The other required input to the And gate 82 is output from the set side of the starting ip-op 84. Flip-op 84, when the receiver is to operate, is in the condition With its output to And gate 82 high. When it is necessary to block or hold oi further signals being applied to the receiver, then flip-flop 84 is triggered to its other stable condition, at which time it prevents further signals from being applied to And gate 82, and also serves to cut off further transmission of a 60G-cycle monitoring signal by applying a hold-cfr' pulse via a diode 86 to a check-tone gate 160 to block the further transmission of the monitor tone.

The first signal to be received by the signal-tone detector and the only signal which passes through the And gate 82 is the timing-pulse signal. This timing pulse is inverted by an inverter 8S and is applied to an electronic distributor of the same type as Was described for the transmitter. This comprises nine tubes 90 through 98, which are coupled successively in series via a condenser and resistor. The output of each of the tubes 90 through 97 is respectively applied to an associated gate-pulse generator 106 through 1417. Gate-pulse generator 100 applies an output through a cathode follower S5 to reset starting flip-Hop 84, as well as ip-flops 121 through 125 which are described later. It should be noted that flipop 84, when reset, no longer enables And gate S2 and blocks further monitor tone transmission. Thereby the transmitter will not transmit further signal tones until the receiver again transmits the monitoring tone.

Gate-pulse generators 101 through 105, which correspond to the ve binary digital positions of the code, apply their outputs respectively and successively to And gates 111 through 115, which are associated therewith. The other required inputs to these And gates are the successive pulses which have been derived from the successively received tone signals by the signal-tone detector 80. The timing of the outputs of the gate-pulse generators is arranged to coincide with the occurrence of the tone signals, thus insuring that aside from an unusual coincidence of occurrence only these will pass through the And gates.

Thus, a coincidence in inputs applied'to the respective.

And gates 111 through 115 will enable the output of the successive And gates to set or not the associated ip-op circuits 121 through 125. These serve to store and stati i 115 is'also applied to an Or gate 116. This Or gate lapplies its output to a parity-pulse-counter Hip-op 118. This flip-flop is driven from its set to its reset condition and returns in response to the successive outputs received l from Or gate 116. The condition of flip-flop 118 is sampled by two And gates 150, 152, which are connected to the two sides of the flip-flop. As a second required input to both And gates, there is presented the same input as is applied to the And gates 111 through 115, namely, the pulses which are the output of the signal-tone detector. It should be noted, however, that the pulses are applied directly as received from the signal-tone detector to And gate but through an inverter 154 to And gate 152.

As a third required input there is applied to And gates 150 and 152 the output pulse from the gate-pulse generator 106 which occurs at the time the parity pulse should occur. Thus, either And gate 150 or And gate 152 will be enabled, dependent upon the condition in which the ip-op counter 118 was left responsive to digit pulses and the presence of a parity One or Zero at the time such parity pulse should occur. This last timing in put, of course, is received from the gate-pulse generator 106. If the number of Ones counted by ilip-op 118 is an odd number, then And gate 152 will be enabled unless a parity-pulse occurs at its proper time. If a parity pulse does not occur at its proper time, then the flip-dop 156 is set by output from And gate 152. The set output `of the flip-op 156 is applied to a cathode follower 158. The cathode follower then closes a normally open gate 160 to prevent further 60G-cycle oscillations from being applied to the telephone transmitter. Flip-flop 84 is also reset by the output of p-op 156. Thus also And gate 82 does not receive any further start signals. Gate 161il is further maintained set by the operation of diode 86, which is connected to the output of ip-tlop 84.

In the event that an even number of Ones is counted by flip-ilop 118 and an unnecessary parity One is received, then And gate 150 is opened and its output provides the same operations as the output of And gate 152, to prevent further monitor-tone transmission.

In the event of a correct parity check, neither And gate 150 nor And gate 152 will be opened. With the unique checking circuit formed by flip-flop 113 and And gates 150 and 152, it can be determined whether `or not the coded data which has been received is correct.

An output from the tube 97 in the electronic distributor is applied to tube 98, which is connected to reset nip-flop 113 to its initial, or starting count condition. This same output is also applied to a tube 99, which is coupled to the start ip-op 84 to set it again to enable another startsignal pulse to pass through And gate 32. Thus, also, the hold-otr bias applied to close the monitor-tone gate through diode 86 is removed, unless, of course, as recited above, ip-op 156 has been actuated, in which event a manual reset is required.

The output of the gate-pulse generator 167 is applied to an amplifier 137, which is designated as the startmagnet amplier Iand is connected to the start-magnet` solenoid 147. This enables the simultaneous punching of the encoded data which has been stored into the paper tape. The ip-liops 121 through 125 are reset before the,

. Y7 actual arrival of the next code characterby output from the gate-pulse generator 100 when the next timing pulse which is received, which, as previously recited, also resets the start flip-Hop as well.

Thus, in summary, the receiver converts the sequence of tones received over the telephone to a sequence of pulses. The start pulse cuts off further transmission of the monitor tone to the receiver. The character pulses are stored in the punch set magnets and the correctness of the received transmission is checked by checking parity. If incorrect, the monitor tone is still held oit. If correct, then the receiver monitor tone is turned on transmission again, signifying its request to the transmitter for the next character and punching the stored character onto paper tape.

Reference is now made to Figure 3 of the drawings. This gure is a circuit diagram of a Hip-flop circuit which is suitable for employment in the receiver and transmitter circuits which are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The ipop may comprise a suitable double-triode tube 200 having cross-coupling between its grids and anodes. The flip-flop circuit shown is stable with either triode section conducting and may be driven from conduction in one to conduction in the other by the application of negative pulses to the input-grid terminals 202 or 204. Connections to the vtiip-ilopl circuit for obtaining the yso-called plate-follower action may be made to terminals 206 and 208. A plate-follower is merely another tube which has its plate connected to the plate of one of the triode sections of the ilip-op. Thus, when a positive signal is applied to the control grid of the plate-follower tube, it draws current through the Vcommon plate load. The plate load is common in view of the fact that both the triode section of one flip-iiop circuit and the plate-follower tube will draw their plate current through the same load resistor. Thus, in effect, the result is the same as if a positive signal were applied to the grid of the triode section to which the plate follower is coupled.

The current being drawn through the plate load serves to depress the plate potential and apply a negative signal to the other triode section, whereby it is prevented from further conduction. This, in effect, applies a positive signal to the grid of the triode section to which the plate follower is coupled toV further assistits becoming conductive. Output from the flip-flop may be taken either `from the terminals 206, 208, which are directly connected to the plates, or from terminals 210, 212. The flip-flop circuit which is shown herein is a typical one, land its operation is that of the classic Wynn Williams or Eccles Jordan circuits.

Reference is now made to Figure 4, which shows a circuit diagram of a suitable gate-pulse generator. In effect, this comprises the well-known univibrator, or one shot multivibrator, wherein one of the two tubes 210, 212, of which the univibrator is composed, :is maintained conducting in the standby condition by virtueof the bias applied to its grid 234. A less positive bias is applied to the grid 216 of the second tube. The tube 31 is representative of the tubes 30 through 36, which are employed in the transmitter, or the `tubes 90 through 97, which are employed in the receiver. Upon receiving a positive pulse, the tube 31 is enabled to conduct. Thereupon, it draws current through the diode 218, which is connected to a source of positive potential. In doing this, the anode of tube 212 is rendered more negative and a negative potential is applied to the grid 214 of tube 2X0. Thus, tube 20 is made to become nonconductive, whereupon a positive voltage output is applied to the grid 216 of tube 22212. In the meantime, the anode of tube 31 is raised to a voltage level determined by the B+ voltage and the value of the anode load resistor of the tube '212. This is a positive voltage with respect to ground and is applied tothe succeeding tube `in the electronic distributor. A-negative pulse is -derived --from the plate oftube Zit). The time duringwhich :theunivibrator remains in the second Vunstable condition is determined by the values ot' the condenser which couples the plate of tube 212 to the grid 214 of tube 210 and the resistor coupling this latter grid to the B+. When the voltage charge on the condenser has dissipated, the univibrator will return to its initial standby condition. 'Ihe output of the pulse generator is employed for resetting the ilip-ops or for enabling the succeeding And gate depending upon whether the pluse generator is employed in the receiver or in the transmitter.

In the case ot the gate-pulse generator in Figure 2, its output is applied to a cathode follower 85, which is normally kept conducting. Upon the application of lthe negative outputof the gate-pulse generator, the cathode follower applies a negative pulse to the start flip-liep 84, which is thus turned to the condition `whereby it blocks the application of further pulses to the And gate 82 and through diode 86 turns oi the monitor-tone gate, preventing the further transmission of monitor tones to the transmitter. The start ilip-op remains turned ot until the pulse which is applied to the rst gate-pulse generator has propagated down to the start-punch gate-pulse generator 107. At this time, as was described previously, the output of the tube 97 through tube 99 is applied to flip-op 84 to reset it again, whereby And `gate 82 is again enabled and the monitortone gate is opened again to the transmission of monitor tones. This type of operation insures that the receiver is only working on one character at a time consisting of the binary digits derived from the holes punched across only one section of the tape. The succeeding character is not transmitted until the check tone is again received. In this manner also the only pulse which is propagated down the electronic distribu-tor is the start pulse; the others are prevented by the closed And gate 82. 4

Figure 5 is an illustration of an And gate which is suitable for employment in `the receiver and transmitter. As shown, it comprises two `pairs of dual triodes 23.0, 232, which have Atheir cathodesconnected together and through a common-cathode Iresistor to a negative-bias source. In the normal, Vor standby, condition the tubes are conducting current rand the cathodes are positive. A negative voltage must befapplied to all the grids, whereby the tubes are all cut off and the cathode .will then Vdrop to a negative value of 300 volts, or whatever the vvalue of the negative-biasing rpotential applied to vthe commoncathode load resistor is. The application of a negative pulse to less than all of the grids does not cut all of the tubes ott and, therefore, unless there is the simultaneous presence of negative voltages applied to the grids,

there is substantially no negative output derived from the common-cathode connection. circuit for a four-input And gate.

Figure 5 shows the Three inputs may be employed by applying a tixed negative bias .to one ofthe four input grids. A two-input And gate may bepemployed by eliminating one of Vthe double triodes.

Figure 6 is a circuit vdiagram of an Or gate which is suitable for employment in the embodiment of the invention. This employs a double diode 240, which has a common anode connection 242, to which is applied through a resistor 244 a positive bias.

kFigure 7 is a circuit `diagram of vthe gates 70 land 7,6

which are employed in the transmitter. One of these gates is also employed as the tone 4gate 1160 in lthe receiver. Each gateconsists of a double triode 250, Y 252. A description ofone of these Will suice vfor-both. The grids A.2514, 256 fojf `the` double :triode are ,connected .to-

A negative voltageV applied to either cathode of the double diode will cause` gether. The input to the grids of tube 250 is the output of the cathode follower 65; the input to the grids of the double triode 252 is the output from the inverter 74. The cathode of one of the triodes and the plate of the other of the triodes is connected to a common point and to the oscillator. The anode of the remaining triode and the cathode of the remaining triode are each connected to ground. When a positive signal is applied to the common grids, the tube is made to conduct and thus presents a' which is coupled to the transmitter of the telephone. The

starting pulse, as shown by the wave shapes in Figure 7, is negative for 1400 cycles and positive for 2000 cycles. Accordingly, This occurs because the positive pulse is applied to the 2000-cycle gate and effectively prevents any output from being obtained therefrom, when the negative pulse is applied to the 1400-cycle gate and enables the output to be derived therefrom.

Figure detector 14 which is in the transmitter. comprises an amplifier 261, which amplifies the received 600 cycles and applies it to a 600-cycle filter 262. The output of the filter is rectified by a rectifier 264 and applied to a plate-follower tube 266, which, in the manner previously described, is coupled' to one of the plates of the dip-flop tube 14. The rectifier 264 serves the function of applying a negative bias derived from the received 60G-cycle signal to the plate-follower tube to maintain it at cut-off. Should any interruption occur to the 60G-cycle check tone, the plate-follower tube is then enabled to conduct and resets thefiip-flop i4, which prevents the paper-tape reader from advancing the paper tape past the position at which the 60G-cycle tone wasinterrupted.

Reference is now made to Figure 9, which shows further details of the signal-tone detector S in Figure 2. The output from the receiver of the telephone is applied to a transducer, such as a microphone, which converts the receiver signals into electrical signals. These are applied to an amplifier 270 and then to a band-pass filter 272. The band-pass filter has a bandwidth corresponding to between 1000 and 2500 cycles per second. The output of the band-pass filter is applied through signallimiting-and-clipping circuitry 274 which is well known in the art. This serves the function of properly shaping the received signal and limiting its amplitude. The output of the signal-limiter-and-clipper is applied to signaldiscriminator circuitry which is shown in detail. This' comprises a tube 276, which has as its plate load two tuned circuits. One of these 27S is tuned to a center frequency of 2150 cycles; the other of these 280 is tuned to a center frequency of 1300 cycles. These two tuned circuits are in series. Their outputs are respectively inductively coupled to two bridge networks 282, 284. The two bridge networks are also in series.

The outputs from the two bridge networks are appliedV to a filter 286, which may be considered as a low-pass lter. The output from the filter will be a signal which is positive in the presence of 2000 cycles and is negative in the presence of 1400 cycles. For the values shown, the signal will be roughly positive by about 20 volts and negative by about 20 volts. The filter output is applied to a difference amplifier 288, which is employed to establislra threshold level. That is, a minimum signal must be present, which must exceed this threshold before any output is derived from the second tube of the differential the starting pulse will be a 1400-cycle pulse.`

S shows further details of the checking-signal As shown, this amplifier 288. This output signal is then applied'through.y

suitable coupling network to an output cathode follower 290.' The output of this cathode follower will be a square wave which ranges from +10 volts in the presence when there is a negative signal applied to both of itsv inputs and since the starting signal is a 1400-cycle signal,

the output from the cathode follower will be substantially -25 volts in the presence of the starting signal, and thus is enabled to pass through the And gate S2.

The inverters which are shown throughout the blockdiagrams merely comprise one stage of amplification* which, operating in the normal course, inverts the signal which is applied as input thereto.

In an embodiment of the invention which was built and operated, the sole limit to the speed of transmission was that of the mechanical punching apparatus.

obtained as opposed to presently used equipment which transmits only seven characters per second.

Accordingly, there has been shown and described above a novel, useful, and unique system and apparatus for increasing the utility of the normal communication means,

namely, the telephone, by transmitting data in the form` of code between two telephone stations. No alteration is required to the telephone system at all. The tones are applied to the telephone transmitter by a small loudspeaker, and the signals are derived from the telephone receiver by means of a small microphone. Coupling between the telephone instrument and the loudspeaker and pickup microphone of the invention is performed by applying the two together. Sufficient safeguards are applied so that chances of error in the receipt of data being transmitted or interfering signals being picked up on the lines being employed for the transmission are substantially eliminated by using the check-tone and parity features and by the receiver shutting off the transmitter until it has had a chance to assimilate the character just received. 1t is to be understood that the values indicated for the check-tone and digit-representative frequencies are by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as a limitation upon the invention,

I claim:

l. Apparatus for communicating coded data between separate stations of a telephone network, each station having a telephone receiver and transmitter, said data having been'recorded as a series of characters, each character consisting of a plurality of binary digits, said apparatus comprising a code transmitter at one of said separate stations including means responsive to said recording to generate successive tone signals representative 0f a start signal, the binary digits in a character and a parity;

' means to generate a monitoring' tone signal, means to apply said monitoring tone signal to the telephone transmitter, means responsive to said start signal to prevent application of said tone signal to said telephone transmitter, a plurality of gates, means to apply said pulse signals to all said gates, means to successively open said gates responsive to said start pulse, means to record the output from said gates, means to inactivate said means to prevent application of said tone signal to said telephone transmitter subsequent to the last of said gates being' opened, means to check the parity of said pulse signals,. means responsive to an incorrect parity to prevent applin Speedsof transmission of 25 to 30 characters per second werecation of said monitoring tone signal to said telephone transmitter, and means at said code transmitter to operate said meansl to generate tone signals responsive only when receiving a monitoring tone signal.

2. Apparatus for communicating coded data between separate stations of a telephone network, each station having a telephone receiver and transmitter, said data having been recorded as a series of characters, each character consisting of a plurality of binary digits, said apparatus comprising a code receiver at a receiving one of said separate stations including means to generate a monitoring tone signal, means to apply said monitoring tone signal to the telephone transmitter of said receiving station, means to check the parity of any received code signals, and means to interrupt transmission of said tone signal responsive to an error in parity checking, a code transmitter at a transmitting one of said separate stations including means to detect said monitoring tone signal, reading means for said recorded data responsive to said received monitoring tone signal to produce a start signal and signals representative of each binary digit in a character, a parity signal generator, means responsive to said start signal to sequence a repetition of said start signal, said signals representative of each binary digit in a character and output from said parity generator, means to generate a rst tone representative of a binary One and a second tone representative of a binary Zero, and means for applying said rst or said second tone to the telephone transmitter responsive to said sequenced repetition signals.

3. Apparatus for communicating data coded and recorded as a series of characters, each character consisting of a plurality of binary digits, said data being communicated between separate stations of a telephone network, each station having a telephone receiver and transmitter, said apparatus comprising a code transmitter at one of said separate stations including reading means responsive to said recorded data to generate pulse signals representative of a start signal and the binary digits in a character, monitor-tone responsive means coupled to said telephone receiver to control said reading means, means to generate a parity-digit signal responsive to said binary-digit signals, means to generate a rst tone signal representative of one binary digit and a second tone signal representative of the second binary digit, and means to successively apply one or the other of said rst and second tone signals to the telephone transmitter responsive to said pulse signals and said parity-digit signal; a code receiver at another of said separate stations, said code receiver having means to generate a monitor-tone signal, means to apply said monitor-tone signal to said telephone transmitter, means to detect the tone signals at said telephone receiver, means to convert said detected tone signals to pulse signals, means responsive to the start-signal pulse to inactivate said monitor-tone applying means, means responsive to said start-signal pulse to store the character represented by said pulse signals, means to activate said monitor-tone .applying meansv after said pulse signals are stored, means to check the parity lof said pulse signals, and means responsive to an incorrect parity to inactivate said monitortone applying means.

4. Apparatus for communicating coded data between separate stations of a telephone network, each station having a telephone receiver and transmitter, said data being recorded as a series of characters, each character consisting of a plurality of parallel binary digits, said apparatus comprising a code transmitter at one of said separate stations including reading means to produce a start signal and signals representative of each binary digit in -the recorded character, monitor-tone responsive means coupled to the telephone receiver to control said reading means, a parity-signal generator, means responsive to said start signal to sequence a repetition of said start signal, 4said signals representative of each binary digit in a lcharacter and output from said parity generator, means to "generate a Atirst -tone representative of a binary One and a second tone representative of a binary Zero, means for applying said first or second tone to the telephone transmitter responsive to said sequenced repetition signals, a `code receiver at a receiving one of said separate stations including means coupled to the telephone receiver to detect said tone signals, means to convert said detected tone signals to pulse signals representative of said start signal, signals representative of the binary digits in a character and said parity generator output, means to generate a monitoring tone signal, means to apply said monitoring tone signal to the telephone transmitter, means responsive to said start-signal-pulse signal to prevent application of said tone signal to said telephone transmitter, a plurality of gates, means to apply said pulse signals to all said gates, means to successively open said gatesv responsive to said start pulse, means to store the output from said gates, means to inactivate said means to prevent application of said tone signal to said telephone transmitter subsequent to the last of said gates being opened, means to check the parity of said pulse signals, and means responsive to detection of an incorrect parity to energize said means to prevent application of said monitoring tone signals to said telephone transmitter.

5. Apparatus for communicating data coded and recorded as a series of characters each character consisting of a plurality of binary digits, said data being communicated between separate stations of a telephone network, each station having a telephone receiver and transmitter, said apparatus comprising a code transmitter at one of saidV separate stations including reading means responsive to said recorded data to generate signals representative of a start signal and the binary digits of a character of data, tone-responsive enabling means for said reading means coupled to the telephone receiver, a plurality of ip-op circuits, each one being associated with a diierent binary digit in said data character, means for setting said flip-flops responsive to the binary digits in the data character read to represent said data character, a diterent And gate associated with and receiving output from each flip-dop, means for successively enabling said And gates responsive to said start pulse, means for counting the outputs from said successively enabled And gates to generate a parity digit where required therefor, a first and second tone generator respectively representative of a binary One and a binary Zero, a first and second gate means to which said first and second tone-generator outputs are respectivey applied, means to apply said start pulse, said And gate outputs and said parity digit to said gate means to enable one or the other of said gate means, and means for applying the outputs from said gate means to the telephone transmitter; and a code receiver for said data at another of said separate stations including means to generate a monitor-tone signal, means to apply said monitor-tone signal to the telephone transmitter Vfor each character of data desired, and means coupled to ,the telephone receiver` to detect and record the data received from the transmitter. l'

Y 6. Apparatus for communicating coded data between separate stations of a telephone network, each station having a telephone Vreceiver and transmitter, said data being ,recorded as a series of ;characters, each character consisting of a plurality of binary digits, said apparatus comprising a code transmitter at one of said separate stations including means responsive to Vsaid recording `to generate isuccessive tone signals representative of a start signal, the binary digits in a character and a parity digit, and means to apply said successive tone signals to the telephone transmitter; a code receiver at a receiving one of said separate stations including means coupled to the telephone receiver to detect said tone signals, means to convert said detected .tone signals to pulse signals ,representative of said start signal, said signals representative of said -binary digits in va character and said parity'digit,

means tot-generate a monitoring tone signal, normallyV open gate means to which said monitoring tone signal is applied, means to apply the output of said normally open gate means to the telephone transmitter, means responsive to said start-signal pulse to close said normally open gate means, an And gate for each binary digit in a character,

means to apply said pulse signals to all said And gates,

means responsive to said start-signal pulse to successively enable said And gates, means responsive to said paritydigit-pulse signal and the outputs of said And gates to check the parity of the received data character, means responsive to an incorrect parity to maintain closed said normally open gate means, means to store the outputs of said And gates, and means to open said normally open 5 gate means after parity has been checked.

No references cited. 

